用于區(qū)分和檢測(cè)牛梨形蟲(chóng)的試劑盒及制備與使用方法
【技術(shù)領(lǐng)域】
[0001] 本發(fā)明涉及一種動(dòng)物寄生蟲(chóng)的鑒別檢測(cè)技術(shù),確切地講本發(fā)明提供一種用于鑒別 診斷牛屬動(dòng)物是否感染梨形蟲(chóng)病的檢測(cè)試劑盒及其制備與使用方法。
【背景技術(shù)】
[0002] 牛梨形蟲(chóng)?。╡quine piroplasmosis)是牛巴貝斯蟲(chóng)和泰勒蟲(chóng)寄生于牛屬動(dòng)物的 紅細(xì)胞內(nèi)引起的一種急性、亞急性或慢性的原蟲(chóng)性寄生蟲(chóng)病,其傳播媒介是蜱,主要以引 起動(dòng)物發(fā)熱(有時(shí)呈周期性)、貧血、黃疸、肝脾腫大為特點(diǎn),病程后期動(dòng)物常出現(xiàn)膽紅素尿 和血紅蛋白尿等癥狀。巴貝斯蟲(chóng)(Babesia)是原生生物界(Protista)的原生動(dòng)物亞界 (Protozoa)、頂復(fù)門(mén)(Apicomplexa)、抱子蟲(chóng)綱(Sporozoea)、梨形蟲(chóng)亞綱(Piroplasmia)、 梨形蟲(chóng)目(Piroplasmida)中的巴貝斯科(Babesiidae)巴貝斯屬(Babesia)。在我國(guó)感 染牛的主要巴貝斯蟲(chóng)流行蟲(chóng)株包括:牛巴貝斯蟲(chóng)、雙芽巴貝斯蟲(chóng)、卵形巴貝斯蟲(chóng)、大巴貝 斯蟲(chóng)、巴貝斯蟲(chóng)未定種喀什株。巴貝斯蟲(chóng)寄生于牛屬動(dòng)物的紅細(xì)胞內(nèi),所引起的疾病稱(chēng)為 巴貝斯蟲(chóng)病。泰勒蟲(chóng)(Theileria)(舊名焦蟲(chóng))是梨形蟲(chóng)亞綱(Piroplasmia)、梨形蟲(chóng)目 (Piroplasmida)中的泰勒科(Theileriidae)、泰勒蟲(chóng)屬(Theileria)。泰勒蟲(chóng)寄生于牛屬 動(dòng)物的巨噬細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞和紅細(xì)胞內(nèi),所引起的寄生蟲(chóng)病稱(chēng)為泰勒焦蟲(chóng)病。在我國(guó)感染牛 的主要泰勒蟲(chóng)流行蟲(chóng)株包括:環(huán)形泰勒蟲(chóng)、瑟氏泰勒蟲(chóng)和中華泰勒蟲(chóng)。牛梨形蟲(chóng)病在世界 許多國(guó)家和地區(qū)流行,國(guó)際獸疫局(Office International Des Epizooties, 0IE)將牛 巴貝斯蟲(chóng)病和泰勒焦蟲(chóng)病列為B類(lèi)疫?。?IE. Bovine piroplasmosis. 2008),我國(guó)將其 列為二類(lèi)疫病。在我國(guó),牛巴貝斯蟲(chóng)病主要流行于西北、南方等地區(qū),牛巴貝斯蟲(chóng)和雙芽巴 貝斯蟲(chóng)的主要傳播媒介是硬蜱屬的微小牛蜱和鐮形扇頭蜱;大巴貝斯蟲(chóng)和卵形巴貝斯蟲(chóng)的 主要傳播媒介為血蜱屬的長(zhǎng)角血蜱;巴貝斯蟲(chóng)未定種喀什株的主要傳播媒介為璃眼蜱屬的 小亞璃眼蜱。牛的泰勒焦蟲(chóng)病主要流行于西北、華北和東北等地區(qū),環(huán)形泰勒蟲(chóng)主要傳播 媒介是璃眼蜱屬的蜱:包括殘緣璃眼蜱、小亞璃眼蜱、盾糙璃眼蜱等。瑟氏泰勒蟲(chóng)的主要傳 播媒介為血蜱屬的長(zhǎng)角血蜱;中華泰勒蟲(chóng)的主要傳播媒介為青海血蜱(汪明主編.獸醫(yī) 寄生蟲(chóng)學(xué)[M].北京:中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)出版社,2008: 366 - 369)。牛梨形蟲(chóng)病的季節(jié)流行性很 強(qiáng),多呈急性經(jīng)過(guò),發(fā)病率和死亡率均很高,尤其對(duì)引進(jìn)疫區(qū)的外來(lái)牛屬動(dòng)物、改良種牛以 及肉牛的危害極大,是制約發(fā)展中國(guó)家牛屬動(dòng)物養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的主要疾病之一。目前,牛梨 形蟲(chóng)病的檢測(cè)和診斷主要有下列幾類(lèi)手段:(1)血涂片染色顯微鏡檢測(cè)、淋巴結(jié)穿刺試驗(yàn)、 體外培養(yǎng)、臨床診斷和動(dòng)物接種試驗(yàn)等傳統(tǒng)方法,此類(lèi)方法檢出率低,對(duì)檢測(cè)人員的素質(zhì)要 求非常高。(2)血清學(xué)方法,如:間接熒光抗體試驗(yàn)(IFAT)、酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)、 固相酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(SELISA)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(C-ELISA)等,參見(jiàn)Dominguez M,Echaide I,de Echaide ST, Wilkowsky S,Zabal 0,Mosqueda JJ,Schnittger L, Florin-Christensen M. 2012. Validation and field evaluation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis ofBabesia bo visinfections in Argentina. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 19,924-928. ; Altangerel K,Alhassan A, Iseki H,Sivakumar T,Boldbaatar D,Yokoyama N,Igarashi I. 2009. Evaluation ofBabesia bigemina200 kDa recombinant antigen in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Parasitol Res. 105,249-254; Singh H,Mishra AK,Rao JR, Tewari AK. 2009. Comparison of indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and slide enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (SELISA) for diagnosis ofBabesia bigeminainfection in bovines. Trop Anim Health Prod. 41,153-159; Kim C,Alhassan A,Verdida RA, Yokoyama N, Xuan X,F(xiàn)ujisaki K,Kawazu S,Igarashi I. 2007. Development of two immunochromatographic tests for the serodiagnosis of bovine babesiosis. Vet Parasitol. 148,137-143; Barros SL,Madruga CR,Araujo FR, Menk CF,de Almeida MA, Melo EP,Kessler RH. 2005. Serological survey ofBabesia bo vis, Babesia bigemina,andAnaplasma marginaleantibodies in cattle from the semi-arid region of the state of Bahia, Brazil, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mem Inst Oswald。Cruz. 100,513-517; Salih DE,Ahmed JS,Bakheit MA,Ali EB, El Hussein AM, Hassan SM,Shariff OE,F(xiàn)adl M,Jongejan F. 2005. Validation of the indirect TaSP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis ofTheileria annulatainfection in cattle. Parasitol Res. 97,302-308; Goff WL, McElwain TF,Suarez CE,Johnson WC, Brown WC, Norimine J,Knowles DP. 2003. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a rhoptry-associated protein 1 epitope specifically identifiesBabesia bovis-infectedcattle. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 10,38-43; Ruiz PM, Passos LM, Machado RZ,Lima JD,Ribeiro MF. 2001. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of IgM antibodies toBabesia bigeminain cattle. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 96,237-240〇 此類(lèi)方法雖然能診斷和鑒別單一牛梨形蟲(chóng)的感染,但不同梨形蟲(chóng)蟲(chóng)株的交叉感染產(chǎn)生的 抗體及抗體滴度可能會(huì)對(duì)最終的結(jié)果判定產(chǎn)生影響,可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)漏檢、假陽(yáng)性等現(xiàn)象,對(duì) 檢測(cè)人員的要求也很高。(3)分子檢測(cè)技術(shù),如PCR、巢氏PCR技術(shù)、多重PCR、實(shí)時(shí)定量 PCR、LAMP、反向線性印跡(RLB)等方法,具體參見(jiàn)Bilgip HB,Karagenp T,Simuunza M, Shiels B,Tait A,Eren H,Weir W. 2013. Development of a multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection ofTheileria annulata, Babesia bovisandAnaplasma marginalein cattle. Exp Parasitol. 133,222-229; Liu A,Guan G,Du P,Gou H,Zhang J,Liu Z,Ma M,Ren Q,Liu J,Yang J,Li Y,Niu Q,Bai Q,Yin H, Luo J. 2013. Rapid identification and differentiation ofTheileria sergenti andTheileria sinensisusing a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Vet Parasitol. 191, 15-22; Ros-Garcla A, Juste RA, Hurtado A. 2012. A highly sensitive DNA bead-based suspension array for the detection and species identification of bovine piroplasms. Int J Parasitol. 42,207-214; Ramos CA, Araujo FR,Souza II,Bacanelli G,Luiz HL,Russi LS,Oliveira RH, Soares CO, Rosinha GM,Alves LC. 2011. Real-time polymerase chain reaction based on msa2c gene for detection ofBabesia bovis.Vet Parasitol. 176,79-83; Silva MG, Marques PX,Oliva A. 2010. Detection of Babesia and Theileria species infectionincattlefromPortugalusingareverselineblottingmethod.Vet Parasitol. 174, 199-205;HasleG,BjuneGA,ChristenssonD,R0edKH,Whist AC, LeinaasHP. 2010.DetectionofBabesiadivergensinsouthernNorwayby usinganimmunofluorescenceantibodytestincowsera.ActaVetScand. 52:55; AbouLailaM,YokoyamaN,IgarashiI. 2010.Developmentandevaluationof twonestedPCRassaysforthedetectionofBabesiabovisfromcattleblood. VetParasitol. 172, 65-70;Criado-FornelioA,BillingA,AsenzoG,Benitez D,Florin-ChristensenM,Gonzalez-OlivaA,HenriquesG,SilvaM,AlongiA, AgnoneA,TorinaA,MadrugaCR. 2009.Developmentoffluorogenicprobe-based PCRa