本發(fā)明涉及煤礦安全，更具體的說(shuō)是涉及一種煤礦堅(jiān)硬頂板礦震地面壓裂源頭控制方法。

背景技術(shù)：

1、堅(jiān)硬頂板指的是采場(chǎng)中強(qiáng)度高、完整性好的巖層，一般為砂巖層、粉砂巖等。在工作面持續(xù)推進(jìn)過(guò)程中，堅(jiān)硬頂板因其獨(dú)有的硬度大、垮落步距大的特性會(huì)出現(xiàn)大面積懸頂、不能及時(shí)的垮落。當(dāng)堅(jiān)硬頂板關(guān)鍵層懸頂長(zhǎng)度達(dá)到最大致災(zāi)能量的臨界值后，頂板突然垮落造成工作面和巷道出現(xiàn)礦震等煤礦地質(zhì)災(zāi)害。因此堅(jiān)硬頂板控制方法一直是煤礦安全生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中亟待解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。

2、目前針對(duì)堅(jiān)硬頂板問(wèn)題一般采用加強(qiáng)支護(hù)或者切頂卸壓兩種手段，而針對(duì)當(dāng)下煤礦開(kāi)采日趨向深度化、厚及特厚化方向發(fā)展的條件下，一種在大空間上適用于此的煤礦堅(jiān)硬頂板地面壓裂控制方法被越來(lái)越多的應(yīng)用。如何控制堅(jiān)硬頂板，如何判斷堅(jiān)硬頂板關(guān)鍵層賦存的能量，如何布置進(jìn)行地面壓裂，成為了關(guān)鍵性問(wèn)題。因此，目前急需一種煤礦堅(jiān)硬頂板礦震地面壓裂源頭控制方法。

技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)思路

1、有鑒于此，本發(fā)明提供了一種煤礦堅(jiān)硬頂板礦震地面壓裂源頭控制方法，具有計(jì)算精確、操作精準(zhǔn)，源頭控制等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

2、為了實(shí)現(xiàn)上述目的，本發(fā)明提供如下技術(shù)方案：

3、一種煤礦堅(jiān)硬頂板礦震地面壓裂源頭控制方法，包括以下步驟：

4、步驟1、基于覆巖的載荷與垮落步距，進(jìn)行關(guān)鍵層判別并確定其上覆軟弱巖層的范圍；堅(jiān)硬頂板關(guān)鍵層載荷大于上覆軟弱巖層各層載荷，其垮落步距大于其上覆巖層各層垮落步距；

5、步驟2、通過(guò)對(duì)各巖層巖樣的單軸壓縮實(shí)驗(yàn)，測(cè)定關(guān)鍵層單軸抗壓強(qiáng)度σ及上覆軟弱巖層各層單軸抗壓強(qiáng)度σ1,σ2,…,σn，其中n表示上覆軟弱巖層的層數(shù)；

6、步驟3、基于單軸壓縮實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，計(jì)算關(guān)鍵層荷載q：

7、q＝γh；

8、其中，h表示巖層厚度，單位為m；q表示關(guān)鍵層載荷，單位為mpa；γ表示巖層重度，單位為kn/m3；巖層厚度式中i取值1至n；

9、步驟4、根據(jù)工作面面長(zhǎng)a、推進(jìn)長(zhǎng)度b以及關(guān)鍵層荷載q，計(jì)算關(guān)鍵層彈性勢(shì)能ep：

10、

11、其中，為堅(jiān)硬頂板關(guān)鍵層抗彎剛度，e為關(guān)鍵層彈性模量，h為關(guān)鍵層厚度；

12、a1＝-(98371448175qa14)/(8d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540

13、090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(214543444115qa12b2)/(2d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+181129064234933a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(29161963866035qa10b4)/(4d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(24031149427285qa8b6)/(2d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(9841907858783qa6b8)/(4d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(741110627257qa4b10)/(2d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(128249113993qa2b12)/(8d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+596190595qb14/(d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))；

14、a2＝(1672314618975qa12)/(4d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+71323954

15、0090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+3201287984895qa10b2/(d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(2529767725485qa8b4)/(2d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+151297449303qa6b6/(d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))-(104261099943qa4b8)/(2d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))-4475079609qa2b10/(d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))-(1788571785qb12)/(4d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))；

16、b1＝596190595qa14/(d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16

17、b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(128249113993qa12b2)/(8d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(741110627257qa10b4)/(2d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(9841907858783qa8b6)/(4d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(24031149427285qa6b8)/(2d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(29161963866035qa4b10)/(4d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))-(98371448175qb14)/(8d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))；

18、b2＝-(1788571785qa12)/(4d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+7132395400

19、90a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))-4475079609qa10b2/(d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))-(104261099943qa8b4)/(2d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+151297449303qa6b6/(d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(2529767725485qa4b8)/(2d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+3201287984895qa2b10/(d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(1672314618975qb12)/(4d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))；

20、c＝(98371448175qa16)/(64d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540

21、090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(394081983295qa14b2)/(16d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(28365438278177qa12b4)/(64d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(21409089448747qa10b6)/(8d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(215495164733849qa8b8)/(16d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(21409089448747qa6b10)/(8d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(28365438278177qa4b12)/(64d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(394081983295qa2b14)/(16d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))+(98371448175qb16)/(64d(2063736675a20+36243146940a18b2+713239540090a16b4+3717181093724a14b6+18112906423493a12b8+15913861356536a10b10+18112906423493a8b12+3717181093724a6b14+713239540090a4b16+36243146940a2b18+2063736675b20))；

22、步驟5、隨著工作面持續(xù)推進(jìn)，根據(jù)堅(jiān)硬頂板關(guān)鍵層彈性勢(shì)能ep判斷地面壓裂的時(shí)機(jī)，并在不同時(shí)機(jī)布置相匹配的地面壓裂參數(shù)，具體的：

23、當(dāng)0＜ep＜104，此時(shí)工作面懸臂積聚的能量不足以影響生產(chǎn)，工作面繼續(xù)推進(jìn)；當(dāng)104＜ep＜106，此時(shí)工作面積蓄大量能量，尚未達(dá)到最大能量107j，需采取措施對(duì)頂板進(jìn)行控制，于工作面中部布置垂直井壓裂，并于工作面一側(cè)端部位置布置水平井壓裂，將頂板能量提前釋放，保障工作面的接續(xù)生產(chǎn)；當(dāng)ep＞106，此時(shí)為避免礦震影響需要對(duì)工作面中部?jī)啥瞬贾么怪本畨毫?，并于工作面一?cè)兩端頭位置關(guān)于工作面中部對(duì)稱(chēng)的水平井，進(jìn)行水平井壓裂，使其兩斜井段相交，最大程度對(duì)目標(biāo)關(guān)鍵層進(jìn)行破裂，減小其破斷步距，釋放堅(jiān)硬頂板關(guān)鍵層中賦存的能量；

24、關(guān)鍵層彈性勢(shì)能ep由堅(jiān)硬頂板彎曲變形的能量ep1與上覆軟弱巖層載荷做功ep2組成，ep1與ep2計(jì)算方法如下：

25、

26、式中，w為堅(jiān)硬頂板關(guān)鍵層彎曲下沉的撓度，其計(jì)算方法如下：

27、

28、經(jīng)由上述的技術(shù)方案可知，本發(fā)明提供了一種煤礦堅(jiān)硬頂板礦震地面壓裂源頭控制方法，與現(xiàn)有技術(shù)相比，具有以下有益效果：

29、(1)通過(guò)計(jì)算堅(jiān)硬頂板關(guān)鍵層的彈性勢(shì)能，并據(jù)此判斷地面壓裂的適時(shí)性，能夠在頂板能量積聚到危險(xiǎn)程度之前，通過(guò)地面壓裂手段提前釋放頂板能量，有效預(yù)防礦震等煤礦地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的發(fā)生，顯著提升煤礦生產(chǎn)作業(yè)的安全性。

30、(2)根據(jù)不同能量積聚階段的判斷，本發(fā)明提出了不同情況下地面壓裂參數(shù)布置方案，包括在特定時(shí)機(jī)和位置布置垂直井壓裂和水平井壓裂，確保壓裂效果最大化，減小堅(jiān)硬頂板的破斷步距，從而更加科學(xué)合理地控制頂板能量釋放，降低地質(zhì)災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

31、綜上所述，本發(fā)明的煤礦堅(jiān)硬頂板礦震地面壓裂源頭控制方法，在提升煤礦生產(chǎn)安全性、優(yōu)化壓裂參數(shù)布置等方面具有顯著的進(jìn)步意義。