一種阿特拉津降解菌及其應(yīng)用【
技術(shù)領(lǐng)域：
】[0001]本發(fā)明涉及菌株及其應(yīng)用
技術(shù)領(lǐng)域：
，特別是涉及一種阿特拉津降解產(chǎn)脲節(jié)桿菌及其應(yīng)用?！?br>背景技術(shù)：
】[0002]阿特拉津【2-氯-4-(乙胺）-6-(異丙胺）-1，3,5阿特拉津】是主要的S-三嗪類除草劑成員，三嗪類除草劑主要包括西瑪津、氰草津、撲滅津、特丁津、撲草凈、特丁凈、莠滅凈和西瑪通。1958年，阿特拉津在美國(guó)和瑞士注冊(cè)并開(kāi)始應(yīng)用（HeriW，PfisterF,CarrollB,ParshleyT,NaborsJB(2008)Production,developmnent,andregistrationoftriazineherbicides.In:LeBaronHM，McFarlandJ，Burnside0C,editors.Thetriazineherbicides:50yearsrevolutionizingagriculture.SanDiego:Elsevier.pp.31-43.)。因其在玉米種植中顯著的除草效果，阿特拉津迅速成為最暢銷和應(yīng)用最廣泛的除草劑之一（ThelinGP，StoneWW(2013)EstimationofannualagriculturalpesticideuseforcountiesoftheconterminousUnitedStates,1992-2009.U.S.GeologicalSurvey,Reston,Virginia:2013.54p.Available:http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5009/pdf/sir20135009.pdf)，但是，檢測(cè)到其對(duì)土壤、地下水、地表水以及盆地有普遍污染（BattaglinWA，RiceKC，F(xiàn)ocazioMJ，SalmonsS，BarryRX(2009)Theoccurrenceofglyphosate,atrazine,andotherpesticidesinvernalpoolsandadjacentstreamsinWashington,DC,Maryland,Iowa,andWyoming,2005-2006.EnvironMonitAssess155:281-307；KookanaRS,BaskaranS,NaiduR(1998)PesticidefateandbehaviourinAustraliansoilsinrelationtocontaminationandmanagementofsoilandwater:areview.AustralianJournalofSoilResearch36:715-764；Ca§icS,BudimirM,BrkicD,NeScovicN(2002)ResiduesofatrazineinagriculturalareasofSerbia.JournalofSerbianChemicalSociety67:887-892；PickFE,vanDickLP，BothaE(1992)AtrazineingroundandsurfacewaterinmaizeproductionareasoftheTransvaal,SouthAfrica.Chemosphere25:335-341;ShomarBH,MullerG,YahyaA(2006)OccurrenceofpesticidesingroundwaterandtopsoiloftheGazaStrip.WaterAirSoilPollut171:237-251；AslamM，AlamM,RaisS(2013)DetectionofatrazineandsimazineingroundwaterofDelhiusinghighperformanceliquidchromatographywithultravioletdetector.CurrentWorldEnvironment8:323-329.)^在北京和上海地區(qū)的地下水和水庫(kù)中檢測(cè)到阿特拉津及其脫烷基化衍生物（YeC，GongA，WangX，ZhengH，LeiZ(2001)Distributionofatrazineinacrop-soil-groundwatersystematBaiyangdianlakeareainChina.JEnvironSci(China)13:148-152；RenJ,JiangK(2002)AtrazineanditsdegradationproductsinsurfaceandgroundwatersinZhangjiakoudistrict,China.ChinSciBull47:1612-1615;塔娜，馮建芳，孫成，周芳（2005).太湖梅粱灣水體中阿特拉津的毛細(xì)管氣相色譜法測(cè)定.環(huán)境污染與防治.27(8):634-636;馬曉雁，高乃云，李青松，徐斌，樂(lè)林生，吳今明（2006).固相萃取高效液相色譜檢測(cè)原水中微量?jī)?nèi)分泌干擾物.給水排水.32(1):6-10.)，表明中國(guó)有大面積的土壤和水源遭到污染。[0003]對(duì)阿特拉津起初三十年的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行研宄發(fā)現(xiàn)，阿特拉津像其他氯化的均三嗪類除草劑一樣，很難被生物降解。因?yàn)槲⑸锼饷柑禺惢钚缘?，很難完成側(cè)鏈的N-脫烷基化以及隨后的脫氯反應(yīng)（CookAM(1987)Biodegradationofs-triazinexenobiotics.FEMSMicrobiolRev46:93-116.)。阿特拉津在土壤中的持留性中等，半衰期約為2個(gè)月(SmithAE(1982)HerbicidesandthesoilenvironmentinCanada.CanJSoilSci62:433-460；WauchopeRD,ButlerTM,HornsbyAG,Augustine-BekcersPM,BurtJP(1992)TheSCS/ARS/CESpesticidepropertiesdatabaseforenvironmentaldecisionmaking.RevEnvironContamToxicol123:1-155.)，但其殘留和有藥害的脫烷基代謝物DEA(deethylatrazine)和DIA(deisopropyl-atrazine)能夠在土壤中殘留多年（SmithAE(1982)HerbicidesandthesoilenvironmentinCanada.CanJSoilSci62:433-460；SironsGJ,FrankR,SawyerT(1973)Residuesofatrazine,cyanazine,andtheirphytotoxicmetabolitesinaclayloamsoil.JAgricFoodChem21:1016-1020；KhanSU,MarriagePB(1977)Residuesofatrazineanditsmetabolitesinanorchardsoilandtheiruptakebyoatplants.JAgricFoodChem25:1408-1413；TasliS,PattyL,BoettiH,RavanelP,VachaudG，etal.(1998)PersistenceandleachingofatrazineincorncultureintheexperimentalsiteofLaCoteSaintAndre(Isere,France).ArchEnvironContamToxicol30:203-212；CaprielP，HaischA，KhanSU(1985)Distributionandnatureofbound(nonextractable)residuesofatrazineinamineralsoilnineyearsaftertheherbicideapplication.JAgricFoodChem33:567_569.)D阿特拉津、其他的三嗪類除草劑以及它們的脫烷基代謝產(chǎn)物在土壤中具有中等偏下的流動(dòng)性。但是，由于長(zhǎng)期的應(yīng)用，這些化合物的難降解組分迀移進(jìn)入地下水，地下水中均三嗪類不能被降解，導(dǎo)致大面積的飲用水的污染，使得飲用水指標(biāo)超標(biāo)。另外，長(zhǎng)期暴露于阿特拉津會(huì)影響動(dòng)物和人體的荷爾蒙，并可能致癌。[0004]假單胞菌ADP(Pseudomonassp.ADP)是最早發(fā)現(xiàn)的能夠快速降解阿特拉津的菌株(MandelbaumRT，AllanDL,WackettLP(1995)IsolationandcharacterizationofaPseudomonassp.thatmineralizethes-triazineherbicideatrazine.ApplEnvironMicrobiol61:1451-1457.)，其對(duì)阿特拉津的礦化是通過(guò)脫氯形成羥基阿特拉津，羥基阿特拉津側(cè)鏈烷基裂解，進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)化為氰尿酸（deSouzaML，WackettLP,Boundy-MillsKL,MandelbaumRT,SadowskyMJ(1995)Cloning,characterization,andexpressionofageneregionfromPseudomonassp.strainADPinvolvedinthedechlorinationofatrazine.ApplEnvironMicrobiol61:3373-3378;Boundy_MillsKL,deSouzaML,MandelbaumRT,WackettLP,SadowskyMJ(1997)TheatzBgeneofPseudomonassp.strainADPencodest當(dāng)前第1頁(yè)1 2 3 4